PROBLEM LEARNING AS A TOOL FOR ACTIVATING COGNITIVE ACTIVITY OF THE STUDENT

This article considers the effectiveness of using the problem-based learning method in literature studying at school. Problem-based learning promotes the development of students’ creative abilities and the formation of critical thinking skills. The article presents examples of experiments that enable students to argue their opinions and delve into the deeper meaning of literary works while working with texts in Kazakh language and literature lessons. The article offers teaching methods that help students think creatively, analyze problems more deeply, and express their opinions clearly and convincingly. Through problem-based learning, students gain the opportunity not only to understand literary works but also to comprehend their life value and significance. This method makes the learning process more effective and enhances students’ cognitive activity. The practical examples and scientific foundations presented in the article aim to improve the quality of education.